The rule of thumb is that if you truly have a "bad" copy, you will know.
"First, the practical conclusion. Test every new lens you buy, right out of the box, and make sure it’s reasonable. Speaking as someone who has lots of test charts and moderately fancy equipment to do that quickly and efficiently, I’ll just say you don’t need it. Just find a couple of brick walls, fences, etc. that are in a flat plane and take some pictures. A bad problem will be evident very quickly. If the lens is bad, send it back to the store for exchange, not in to the manufacturer for repair (Because certain manufacturers are very likely to say “impact damage” and deny warranty even if you just unpacked it. No, I won’t name names, I don’t have strong enough evidence to say one does this more than another.). Which brings up another point: don’t buy anything from a place that won’t take it back. But don’t confuse the need for autofocus micro-adjustment with a bad lens, it’s not." (from lensrentals.com,
http://www.lensrentals.com/blog/2010/03/this-lens-is-soft-and-other-facts That said, there is sample variation among lenses. The folks at Lensrentals.com (who have a large number of samples to play with) have written about this quite a bit.
http://www.lensrentals.com/blog/2011/10/notes-on-lens-and-camera-variationhttp://www.lensrentals.com/blog/2011/10/the-limits-of-variation